sebuah kumpulan baah

SCL 3 QUESTION 1

List down all the operating system used in a desktop/laptop today and find good 
descriptions of how operating systems work? Hence, state their advantages and 
disadvantages.

OPERATING SYSTEMS	HOW IT WORKS??	ADVANTAGES	DISADVANTAGES
MAC OS	-One important part of the Mac computer is the firmware. Firmware is a level of programming that exists directly on top of a hardware layer. It's not part of the operating system itself. The Mac firmware is the first stored program that executes when you turn on a Mac computer. Its job is to check the computer's CPU, memory, disk drives and ports for errors. The PC equivalent to the Mac firmware is called BIOS, which stands for basic input-output systems. A second program called a boot loader loads the Mac OS X, assuming there are no errors reported by the firmware.	-Designed with security oriented, Mac OS isn't plagued by constant attacks from PC viruses and malware. - With the latest Intel processors and other best innovation, a Mac can do all the things that only a Mac can do -User friendly.	- Mac could not be assembled on its own. - Software on Mac OS is not so complete. -It Costs Dearly - Only useful for graphic designers
WINDOWS 8	-As well as including the traditional desktop, Windows 8 also ushers in a new Start Screen. This works in the same way as the old Start Menu, although it opens full screen and is also a place you can launch and use new Windows 8-style apps - essentially full-screen, tablet-style apps.	-The windows defender and also the smart screen filtering makes  windows 8 operating system to run without  antivirus from the third vendors and booting is also secured. -The windows 8 operating system provides  apps in  windows store various apps can be downloaded from  windows app store from music player to games. The application can run in full screen mode but if you want to minimize it can be docked into the side of the screen. -The application can run in full screen mode but if you want to minimize it can be docked into the side of the screen.	-The main  disadvantage is lies  in the working, the system is reboot several times (especially for 30 min)only for developer and consumer preview not for pro. -No antivirus for the windows 8(consumer and developer preview) only windows firewall and internet security(but available for win 8 pro). -Apps works only in the full monitor by occupying the full face of the monitor.
DOS OS	-MS-DOS would examine files and programs on a computer in three separate ways in order to complete any command a person needed it to do. One way was that DOS would look at the file called "command.com" in order to find any matches, and would proceed to use that file to execute whatever instructions you'd given it.	-DOS is very lightweight -It allows direct access to most hardware. It does not have the overhead of a multitasking operating system.	-Its a Single User OS (One User can Work at a time) -Its a Single Tasking OS (One application can run at a time) -It does not supports Graphics -It does not supports Networking -We can only make 2GB of Maximum partition as it supports only FAT 16
UNIX	-In Unix, when permissions are configured the server allows you to define different permissions for each of these three categories of users. In a Web server environment permissions are used to control which Web site owners can access which directories and files.	-The Unix operating system offers an efficient level of virtual memory -This operating system offers a rich collection of small utilities and commands that are designed to carry out specific tasks - Unix has the ability to string different utilities and commands together in an unlimited number of configurations in order to accomplish a variety of complicated tasks.	- The traditional interface for the Unix operating system is command line based, and this command line shell interface may be hostile to the casual user. - Commands required by the command line interface often make use of cryptic naming schemes, and do not give much information to notify a user of what they are doing - While the richness of utilities offered by Unix is a benefit or advantage to many, this may be overwhelming to a novice user.
UBUNTU OS	-A free operating system we can install on a computer. Getting a copy is simple. you can visit the Ubuntu Web site and download the OS directly. you'll need to have either a CD or USB drive to save the OS. Once we've copied the OS to the drive or CD, you can boot your computer using Ubuntu.	-Ubuntu OS is totally Free -The ubuntu customer service is quick and efficient, and fully free. -The newer version always comes with several updated options and security against malwares. - Documented well and searches are performed fast and simply. -Ubuntu operating system has the integrated software upgrade tool which operates smoothly within the background	-The graphic interface of ubuntu is indispensable and problems can be found during operating its applications simply. - Windows software’s are designed to work only with windows operating system and not in non-windows OS. - Even once putting in and running ubuntu successfully in your laptop, obtaining some of the hardware to perform properly is tough.
SOLARIS OS	-Solaris is known for its scalability, especially on SPARC systems, and for originating many innovative features such as DTrace, ZFS and Time Slider	- It gives better performance than the other alternatives avaliable. -Solaris can be considered to be compliant with the POSIX environment.	-It is not recommended to run Solaris on other architectures such as Intel, AMD - With other cheaper alternatvies such as Linux available, it proves to be costlier to acquire a license of Solaris.
NETWORK OS	-A network operating system is a computer operating system that is designed to support the workstation and your personal computer. It organizes and controls the hardware and software so that the device it is fixed in is flexible. It also provides a consistent way for applications to deal with the hardware without having to know the details of the hardware.	-Ease of setup -Less hardware needed, no server needs to be purchased. -Centralized servers are more stable. -Security is provided through the server. -New technology and hardware can be easily integrated into the system. -Servers are able to be accessed remotely from different locations and types of systems.	-No central location for storage. -Lack of security that a client/server  type offers. -Cost of buying and running a server are high. -Dependence on a central location for operation. -Requires regular maintenance and updates.
LINUX	-Linux uses a system of users, groups and privilege to keep your system as secure as possible. The idea is that you can mess around with your own files as much as you like, but you can't mess about with the integrity of the whole system without at least entering a password. It might seem slightly redundant on a system when you are the only user of your system, but as we'll see with many other parts of Linux, this concept is a throwback to a time when the average system had many users and only a single administrator or two.	- Security aspect of Linux is much stronger than that of Windows. - With Linux, you have the power to control just about every aspect of the operating system. - So many software choices when it comes to doing any specific task. - Linux is perfect for those old computers with barely any processing power or memory you have sitting in your garage	-Because of its free nature, Linux is sometimes behind the curve when it comes to brand new hardware compatibility. - There are still some applications that exist on Windows that have no equivalent Linux application.

written by: muhd shukri

                 muhd iskandar