SCL 3 QUESTION 1

List down all the operating system used in a desktop/laptop today and find good 
descriptions of how operating systems work? Hence, state their advantages and 
disadvantages.

OPERATING SYSTEMS	HOW IT WORKS??	ADVANTAGES	DISADVANTAGES
MAC OS	-One important part of the Mac computer is the firmware. Firmware is a level of programming that exists directly on top of a hardware layer. It's not part of the operating system itself. The Mac firmware is the first stored program that executes when you turn on a Mac computer. Its job is to check the computer's CPU, memory, disk drives and ports for errors. The PC equivalent to the Mac firmware is called BIOS, which stands for basic input-output systems. A second program called a boot loader loads the Mac OS X, assuming there are no errors reported by the firmware.	-Designed with security oriented, Mac OS isn't plagued by constant attacks from PC viruses and malware. - With the latest Intel processors and other best innovation, a Mac can do all the things that only a Mac can do -User friendly.	- Mac could not be assembled on its own. - Software on Mac OS is not so complete. -It Costs Dearly - Only useful for graphic designers
WINDOWS 8	-As well as including the traditional desktop, Windows 8 also ushers in a new Start Screen. This works in the same way as the old Start Menu, although it opens full screen and is also a place you can launch and use new Windows 8-style apps - essentially full-screen, tablet-style apps.	-The windows defender and also the smart screen filtering makes  windows 8 operating system to run without  antivirus from the third vendors and booting is also secured. -The windows 8 operating system provides  apps in  windows store various apps can be downloaded from  windows app store from music player to games. The application can run in full screen mode but if you want to minimize it can be docked into the side of the screen. -The application can run in full screen mode but if you want to minimize it can be docked into the side of the screen.	-The main  disadvantage is lies  in the working, the system is reboot several times (especially for 30 min)only for developer and consumer preview not for pro. -No antivirus for the windows 8(consumer and developer preview) only windows firewall and internet security(but available for win 8 pro). -Apps works only in the full monitor by occupying the full face of the monitor.
DOS OS	-MS-DOS would examine files and programs on a computer in three separate ways in order to complete any command a person needed it to do. One way was that DOS would look at the file called "command.com" in order to find any matches, and would proceed to use that file to execute whatever instructions you'd given it.	-DOS is very lightweight -It allows direct access to most hardware. It does not have the overhead of a multitasking operating system.	-Its a Single User OS (One User can Work at a time) -Its a Single Tasking OS (One application can run at a time) -It does not supports Graphics -It does not supports Networking -We can only make 2GB of Maximum partition as it supports only FAT 16
UNIX	-In Unix, when permissions are configured the server allows you to define different permissions for each of these three categories of users. In a Web server environment permissions are used to control which Web site owners can access which directories and files.	-The Unix operating system offers an efficient level of virtual memory -This operating system offers a rich collection of small utilities and commands that are designed to carry out specific tasks - Unix has the ability to string different utilities and commands together in an unlimited number of configurations in order to accomplish a variety of complicated tasks.	- The traditional interface for the Unix operating system is command line based, and this command line shell interface may be hostile to the casual user. - Commands required by the command line interface often make use of cryptic naming schemes, and do not give much information to notify a user of what they are doing - While the richness of utilities offered by Unix is a benefit or advantage to many, this may be overwhelming to a novice user.
UBUNTU OS	-A free operating system we can install on a computer. Getting a copy is simple. you can visit the Ubuntu Web site and download the OS directly. you'll need to have either a CD or USB drive to save the OS. Once we've copied the OS to the drive or CD, you can boot your computer using Ubuntu.	-Ubuntu OS is totally Free -The ubuntu customer service is quick and efficient, and fully free. -The newer version always comes with several updated options and security against malwares. - Documented well and searches are performed fast and simply. -Ubuntu operating system has the integrated software upgrade tool which operates smoothly within the background	-The graphic interface of ubuntu is indispensable and problems can be found during operating its applications simply. - Windows software’s are designed to work only with windows operating system and not in non-windows OS. - Even once putting in and running ubuntu successfully in your laptop, obtaining some of the hardware to perform properly is tough.
SOLARIS OS	-Solaris is known for its scalability, especially on SPARC systems, and for originating many innovative features such as DTrace, ZFS and Time Slider	- It gives better performance than the other alternatives avaliable. -Solaris can be considered to be compliant with the POSIX environment.	-It is not recommended to run Solaris on other architectures such as Intel, AMD - With other cheaper alternatvies such as Linux available, it proves to be costlier to acquire a license of Solaris.
NETWORK OS	-A network operating system is a computer operating system that is designed to support the workstation and your personal computer. It organizes and controls the hardware and software so that the device it is fixed in is flexible. It also provides a consistent way for applications to deal with the hardware without having to know the details of the hardware.	-Ease of setup -Less hardware needed, no server needs to be purchased. -Centralized servers are more stable. -Security is provided through the server. -New technology and hardware can be easily integrated into the system. -Servers are able to be accessed remotely from different locations and types of systems.	-No central location for storage. -Lack of security that a client/server  type offers. -Cost of buying and running a server are high. -Dependence on a central location for operation. -Requires regular maintenance and updates.
LINUX	-Linux uses a system of users, groups and privilege to keep your system as secure as possible. The idea is that you can mess around with your own files as much as you like, but you can't mess about with the integrity of the whole system without at least entering a password. It might seem slightly redundant on a system when you are the only user of your system, but as we'll see with many other parts of Linux, this concept is a throwback to a time when the average system had many users and only a single administrator or two.	- Security aspect of Linux is much stronger than that of Windows. - With Linux, you have the power to control just about every aspect of the operating system. - So many software choices when it comes to doing any specific task. - Linux is perfect for those old computers with barely any processing power or memory you have sitting in your garage	-Because of its free nature, Linux is sometimes behind the curve when it comes to brand new hardware compatibility. - There are still some applications that exist on Windows that have no equivalent Linux application.

written by: muhd shukri

                 muhd iskandar

SCL 3, NO 2; Nowadays, even smart phones have their own unique operating systems. Draw a table of comparison between the two most popular OS in smart phones, which are android and windows 8.

ANDROID	TYPE	WINDOWS 8
Excellent amounts of customization	Interface	Consistently scrolling set of boxes
while offering an easy to use.
Google Now	Features	Data Sense
Knowledge Graph		Kid's Corner
Google Drive	Supporting the Cloud	Skydrive integration
Over 700, 000 applications	Number of applications	Lomited number of applications
Created by an open community of	Applications	Created b y tie up companies and
developers		microsoft
Provided by different parties in the	Updates	Only done by microsoft
consortium
Open source software	Source Model	Closed-source

-Farah Aqeela

-Nurul Nabihah

SCL 2 Question 2

Question          : Discuss different types of threats and malicious program (malware) that can damage a computer, mobile device or disrupt any system.

Search for information on current known malware program. Based on the information that you have found, create a table to list different types of malware, what it does, and how it can be repaired or removed. This information is useful for you to prevent any malware from damage your computer system.

Malware

Malware is a short form of malicious software which used or programmed by attackers to disrupt a computer operation, gather sensitive information, or to gain access to private computer systems. It can appear in the form of code, scripts, active content, and other software. Malware is a general term used to refer to a variety of forms of hostile or intrusive software. Below are stated the types of malwares, their function and prevention from them.

Types of Malware	Function	Countermeasures
Computer Virus	A malware when executed replicates by inserting copies of itself into other computer programs, data files, or the boot sector of hard drive. Perform some type of harmful activity on infected host.	Install an antivirus that can detect and eliminate known viruses when computer attempts to download or run an executable. Also operating system updated timely, careful Internet browsing and installation of trusted software.
Ransomware	A malware, known as crypto viral extortion, which restricts access to the computer system that it infects, and demands a ransom to paid to the creator of the malware in order for the restriction to be removed.	Keep all of the software on your computer up to date. Keep your firewall turned on. Don't open spam email messages or click links on suspicious websites.
Worms	A standalone malware that replicates itself in order to spread to other computers. Often uses a computer network to spread itself relying on security failures on the target computer to access it and cause some harm to the network	Operating system’s vendors will supply regular security updates. Users should be wary of opening unexpected email, not run attached files or programs, or visit suspicious web sites. Update regularly anti-virus or anti-spyware.
Trojan Horses	A hacking program, non-self-replicating type of malware which gains privileged access to the operating system while appearing to perform a desirable function but instead drops a malicious payload, often including backdoor.	Never run an executable file unless you are absolutely sure it comes from a trusted source. Security patches should always be downloaded directly from a vendor's website. Also, turn off computer when not used.
Root-kits	Stealthy malicious software, designed to hide the existence of certain processes or programs from normal methods of detection and enable continued privileged access to a computer.	Apply security patches, implementing the principle of least privilege, reducing the attack surface and installing anti-virus software. Also routine monitoring is required.
Spyware	Software that aids in gathering information about a person or organization without their knowledge and that may send such information to another entity without the consumer’s consent.	Install an anti-spyware program, which provide real-time protection, which scan all incoming network data for spyware and block the threats if detected.
Rogue Security Software	Fraud tool, a form of Internet fraud using a computer malware that deceives or misleads users into paying money for fake or simulated removal of malware, but instead introduces malware to the computer.	Law enforcement has exerted pressure on banks to shut down merchant gateways involved in processing rogue security software purchases.

 Copyright : Haziq Dines Wandi

SCL 2: COMPUTER SOFTWARE

1. What is open source software?

Open-source software (OSS) is computer software with its source code made available and licensed with a license in which the copyright holder provides the rights to study, change and distribute the software to anyone and for any purpose.

--> In your opinion, why people prefer open source software over proprietary alternatives nowadays? 

In my opinion,people prefer open source software over proprietary alternatives nowadays because open source software is made available gratis or at a low cost. 

Other than that, the availability of the source code and the right to modify it is very important. It enables the unlimited tuning and improvement of a software product. It also makes it possible to port the code to new hardware, to adapt it to changing conditions, and to reach a detailed understanding of how the system works. Source code availability also makes it much easier to isolate bugs, and (for a programmer) to fix them. 

Next,the right to redistribute modifications and improvements to the code, and to reuse other open source code, permits all the advantages due to the modifiability of the software to be shared by large communities. This is usually the point that differentiates open source software licences from ``nearly free'' ones. In substance, the fact that redistribution rights cannot be revoked, and that they are universal, is what attracts a substantial crowd of developers to work around open source software projects.

Besides,they have the right to use the software in any way. This way, combined with redistribution rights, ensures (if the software is useful enough), a large population of users, which helps in turn to build up a market for support and customization of the software, which can only attract more and more developers to work in the project. This in turn helps to improve the quality of the product, and to improve its functionality. Which, once more, will cause more and more users to give the product a try, and probably to use it regularly.

In addition,there is no one with the power to restrict in a unilateral way how the software is used, even in a retroactive way. Such a power manifests, for instance, when a proprietary software vendor decides not to upgrade some software product for some old platform. In this case, customers can only stick to the old version of the software, or switch to another product. If open source software is used, customers can also fund some development for the desired platform, or look for other vendors to provide the upgrades (of the very same product).

--> Name top (fives) 5 most popular open source software and compare them with similar 
      proprietary software (e.g. Open Office versus Microsoft Office).

Word Processor Software : LibreOffice versus Microsoft Office
LibreOffice comes with a word processor (Writer), a spreadsheet program (Calc), a presentation tool (Impress), a databases manager (Base), and a lot more. It is fully compatible with standard Microsoft Office file formats but users must remember to save or export their files in the respective format.

LibreOffice is compatible with a lot more systems, including Windows, OS X, and Linux, while Microsoft Office's newest version is restricted to just Windows 7 and Windows 8.

When it comes to word processors, LibreOffice Writer and Microsoft Word are easily two of the best out there. If you've used Microsoft Word before, then you'll be right at home with Writer and vice-versa. In fact, in many ways, Writer even blows Word out of the water.P

When it comes to straight up features, both of it are incredibly similar. Writer has all the major features of Word, including a fantastic grammar checker, a solid autosave system, support for a huge variety of formats, and plenty more. If you're a Word user, you'll have no problem making the jump to Writer because the two operate and look the same. Likewise, if this is your first Office suite, then Writer is easy to learn and use.P

For years, Word's killer feature was a variety of editing options and change tracking. Now, though, Writer comes with all that as well. You can track changes, show edits, and everything else. In fact, I prefer Writer's simpler layout of tracked changes over Word's because it's a bit easier to use and understand.

Another Open Source Software (OSS) which is OpenOffice also has it own advantages.

Presentation Software: Impress versus PowerPointP

The word PowerPoint has been synonymous with presentations for a long while, and with good reason: it's a powerful piece of software and does presentations better than most. 

The main issue with Impress is that it still struggles occasionally when importing presentations made in PowerPoint. Some users having issues with some missing fonts and other rendering problems. If you're creating presentations from scratch, Impress does it pretty well than PowerPoint. Impress lack of certain slide animations and no support for video exports. Impress also doesn't have animated diagrams and lacks the ability to collaborate on presentations as a group.

However,there are also advantages for using Impress. Impress can export presentations in a ton of different formats, which makes sharing presentations  a lot easier because you don't have to rely on someone else having PowerPoint. Regardless, both feel pretty similar to use, and while neither will magically give you an Academy Award-winning presentation, they're both equally easy to start.

Graphics Software: GIMP versus Adobe Photoshop

GIMP, an acronym for GNU Image Manipulation Program, is a cross platform graphics editor, which can serve as a simple paint program, but also supports advanced features, such as photo retouching, batch processing, or image format conversion.

3D Animator Software : Blender versus 3ds Max

Blender is a cross-platform 3D content creation suite that supports modeling, animation, rendering, a game engine, and much more. The Blender homepage features a thorough collection of tutorials and a list of movies that were created with the program.

Compressor Software : 7-Zip versus WinZip or WinRAR

7-Zip is a file compression/decompression tool that supports many archive formats and also comes bundled with a lightweight file manager.

Soalan 2 ; Select another group for comparing your hardware specification with and justify why your specification is better than the selected group

Processor

-We choose Intel Core i7 4700HQ instead of Intel Core i5 2.5 GHz.AS we know, G750JX is gaming laptop. Thus, Intel COre i7 4700HQ is the fastest processor for software operation. It is very suitable for gaming laptop like we choose.

RAM

-Our RAM is 32G, which much more bigger than 4GB. As we know, gaming laptop will use many application && updates to do. Thus, 32G is faster&& bigger RAM for more application running simulataneously.

Monitor

-The bigger the monitor, the clear what we can see. 17.3 inch is more bigger than 15 inch. People nowadays always have short sighted or long sighted. Thus, to make their things clear, 17 inch is better  for bigger screen good for eyes.

Operating System

-As we know, everyone want their desktop to be more secure. WIndows 8 Pro is the best!

It provides enhanced data protection with BitLocker && BitLocker To Go to help keep your information secure. 

Price
-Last but not least, RM5530 is expensive than RM 1599, but it is worth it. As we can get more better spesification than other laptop && the new laptop for gaming.

Thus, who really love to play game, this is the best laptop && the new ones! Moreover, G750JX can run most of the currently popular games on higher settings.

		- Nurul Nabihah  - Susan Susanna   - Nelly Aivivian   - Farah Aqeela

Soalan 3 ; One of the latest hardware technology is Raspberry-Pi. Identify the similarities and differences between these technology with your ideal computer specification.

SIMILARITIES	DIFFERENCES
Has OS	Does not support Windows
Has Ethernet	Can use to do automations on hardware
Using USB	Can interface to sensors Passive Infra Red sensor , Ligth sensor , Temperature sensor and humidity sensor
Has RAM	No Wifi
Can plug into monitor that has DVI or HDMI	No Real time clock
Can be overclocked	Cannot support VGA
Connection to mouse and keyboard using usb	Credit card size (mobility)
Operating temperature °C to 70°C	Using Arm processor instead of Intel
Has Audio and Microphone jack	Does not have Harddisk , storage using SDCARD
	Limitation on the graphic card
	Power using 5V supply only where destop need 12v and 5v
	No drive /BD/CD/DVD
	OS based on Debian Linux Distro
	Low Cost about USD$35
	Low Power consumption
	Limited Software applications
	Ram and processor cannot upgrade
	Using USB 2 only
	No Bluetooth
	Cannot support Gigabit Ethernet due its base on USB2.0

-ALYA NORSHAHIDA

-ALDINEZ JUKI

-ISWANDI KIPLI